Cell-based flu vaccine production does not require chicken eggs because the vaccine viruses used to make vaccine are grown in animal cells. Cell-based technology also has the potential for a faster start-up of the flu vaccine manufacturing process. While viruses used in previous seasons' cell-based vaccine have been grown in cells, prior to the 2019-2020 season some of the viruses provided to the manufacturer had been originally derived in eggs. For the 2019-2020 influenza season, all four flu viruses used in the cell-based vaccine are cell-derived, making the vaccine egg-free. For more information, see CDC's Cell-Based Flu Vaccines webpage. Recombinant Flu Vaccines
This is a picture of an influenza virus. The virus' hemagglutinin (HA) surface proteins are depicted in blue. The HAs of an influenza virus are antigens. Antigens are features of the influenza virus that are recognized by the immune system and that trigger a protective immune response. Most flu vaccines are designed to trigger an immune response against the HAs of circulating influenza vaccines.
Recombinant flu vaccine development
Why get vaccinated? Influenza vaccine can prevent influenza (flu). Flu is a contagious disease that spreads around the United States every year, usually between October and May. Anyone can get the flu, but it is more dangerous for some people. Infants and young children, people 65 years of age and older, pregnant women, and people with certain health conditions or a weakened immune system are at greatest risk of flu complications. Pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections and ear infections are examples of flu-related complications. If you have a medical condition, such as heart disease, cancer or diabetes, flu can make it worse. Flu can cause fever and chills, sore throat, muscle aches, fatigue, cough, headache, and runny or stuffy nose. Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults. Each year, thousands of people in the United States die from flu, and many more are hospitalized. Flu vaccine prevents millions of illnesses and flu-related visits to the doctor each year.
Recombinant flu vaccines
3. Influenza C virus
Influenza C viruses do not pose a serious public health concern as they rarely cause any major respiratory illness. This subtype of the influenza virus is not very active and generally triggers a very mild form of infection. 4. Influenza D virus
Influenza type D does not target humans and is mostly prevalent among cattle. Vaccination: Standard Way to Protect Yourself
A flu vaccine works as the primary defense mechanism against the highly contagious flu infection. The vaccine exposes your body to a weakened version of the flu virus that is incapable of causing any illness or infection. It takes a few weeks for the vaccine to kick in and trigger the production of antibodies, and so you must exercise necessary precautions in this interim period. (2)
CDC guidelines suggest that anyone above the age of 6 months should get vaccinated against the flu. (3)
You need to get a flu shot annually, as the antibodies from the previous shot tend to diminish over the period of a year.
Recombinant Influenza (Flu) Vaccine | CDC
Recombinant flu vaccine brands
- FDA Approves Recombinant Flu Vaccine - Scientific American
- Recombinant Influenza (Flu) Vaccine | CDC
- Recombinant influenza vaccine
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FDA Approves Recombinant Flu Vaccine - Scientific American
Some people should not get this vaccine
Tell the person who is giving you the vaccine:
If you have any severe, life-threatening allergies. If you ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction after a dose of flu vaccine, or have a severe allergy to any part of this vaccine, you may be advised not to get vaccinated. Most, but not all, types of flu vaccine contain a small amount of egg protein. If you ever had Guillain-Barré Syndrome (also called GBS). Some people with a history of GBS should not get this vaccine. This should be discussed with your doctor. If you are not feeling well. It is usually okay to get flu vaccine when you have a mild illness, but you might be asked to come back when you feel better. Risks of a vaccine reaction
With any medicine, including vaccines, there is a chance of reactions. These are usually mild and go away on their own, but serious reactions are also possible. Most people who get a flu shot do not have any problems with it. Minor problems following a flu shot include:
soreness, redness, or swelling where the shot was given
hoarseness
sore, red or itchy eyes
fever
aches
itching
If these problems occur, they usually begin soon after the shot and last 1 or 2 days.
Published February 28, 2018 NanoFlu Influenza Vaccine Demonstrates Improved Immune Responses Compared to Egg-Based, High-Dose Flu Vaccine
NanoFlu Influenza Vaccine
(Precision Vaccinations) Seniors experience various health complications during the flu season. In recent years, it's estimated that up to 85 percent of seasonal flu-related hospitalizations and deaths have occurred in people 65 years+. A phase 1/2 clinical trial in 330 older adults for a new flu vaccine reported very positive results when compared against the H3N2 strain. The H3N2 strain has been associated with about 75 percent of the 2018 season's flu-related hospitalizations, reported the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The NanoFlu recombinant influenza vaccine was compared with a leading licensed egg-based, high-dose influenza vaccine for older adults (IIV3-HD), and the key findings of this clinical study were:
Significantly higher hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody responses against homologous H1N1 and H3N2 strains and comparable HAI responses against the homologous B/Brisbane strain,
Significantly higher HAI immune responses against historic and forward-drifted H3N2 strains, and,
Strong neutralizing antibody responses that correlate with HAI results against H3N2 strains.
These CVVs are then injected into fertilized hen's eggs and incubated for several days to allow the viruses to replicate. The fluid containing virus is harvested from the eggs. For inactivated influenza vaccines (i. e., flu shots), the vaccine viruses are then inactivated (killed), and the virus antigen is purified. The manufacturing process continues with quality testing, filling and distribution. For the nasal spray flu vaccine (i. e., the live attenuated influenza vaccine – LAIV), the starting CVVs are live, but weakened viruses that go through a different production process. FDA tests and approves all influenza vaccines prior to release and shipment. There are several different manufacturers that use this production technology to make flu vaccines for use in the United States. This production method requires large numbers of chicken eggs to produce vaccine and may take longer than other production methods. Cell-Based Flu Vaccines
There also is a cell-based production process for flu vaccines that was approved by FDA in 2012.
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